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KIDNEY PROBLEMS

Kidney –related problems have become an issue that calls for urgent action by Governments and other stakeholders .Judging by statistics from hospitals, renal diseases, constitute more serious health problems than HIV/AIDS or hepatitis B.According to the International society of Nephrology, more than 500 million in the world have a form of kidney damage or the other.
Based on sentinel survey on AIDS, the prevalent rate of HIV is outrageous. To a doubting Thomas, the statistics on kidney problems may be alarming. Reports of leading hospitals on renal failure will however lend credence to the figures given . If records from leading hospitals are not convincing enough, records from private health parastatals will probably do. Research has it that about 300 patients are on dialysis every month in private hospitals (Dialysis is the process of taking waste products out of the blood of people with damaged kidney). The hospitals carry out at least one kidney transplant every week.
It has come to the knowledge of the authorities that at least 5% of the entire populace know next to nothing about the disease which has helped to reinforce the rising incidence of renal failure and in turn, has increased the number of patients besieging the media seeking financial assistance to go . The cost of dialysis is expensive and a patient requires two sessions every week to survive. Kidney transplant is still at its infancy in some countries, not many hospitals undertake it In countries where the standard of living is still improving, it will require the assistance of a philanthropist to help an average person finance his treatment.
With the large number of kidney failure cases, the best way to solve the problem will be prevention. Possible causes of kidney failure include hypertension, diabetes and sickle cell disorder. Hypertension is a symptomless complication, when a particular blood level is attained ,it can irreversibly damage the kidney .Diabetes is another condition that trigger kidney disease .If the statistics from screenings across the country is anything to go by, many people are at risk of kidney related diseases. A related screening in Lagos state in Nigeria showed that 36.7% of the people were hypertensive and 5.4% were diabetic. Diabetes accounts for 18% of chronic kidney failures in the country.
Nephrologists are of the opinion that diabetes induced chronic kidney disease are life style induced. Chronic kidney disease can be linked to change in life styles .Regular examination will enable medical practitioners to detect the kidney problem ,If detected on time ,it can be reversed. People should place more emphasis on drinking of water ,reduction of caffeine intake and junk food .Eight to ten cups of water each day will flush toxins from the body. Presently, most developing countries do not have policies on renal placement therapy for people with end stage kidney disease.
World health Organization (WHO) placed a call across and called for national policies on the diseases. This was corroborated by the president of the International society of Nephrologists – “we have to spread the message that chronic kidney disease is common and harmful but treatable especially if treated on time ”







SUNGLASSES

Years back, sunglasses appeared to make the world dark, offering twin oasis of shades for Sun-weary eyes .Nowadays ,they do a lot more ,most importantly, helping to protect the eyes against damaging ultraviolet (UV)rays which Opticians say can cause skin cancer ,Corneal damage ,Cataract and Macular degeneration. Apart from protecting the eyes, sunglasses help give expression and exuberance to our personality. If you want to whip up instant attitude, acquire a mysterious aura, just slip on a pair of sunglasses,
No other accessory can give such an instant transformation. However, despite its many pluses, not a few people still feel sunshades are one of these fashion fancies that one needn’t splurge on. They give the excuse that a cheap pair of sunglasses work as an expensive one so why waste all that money.
Notwithstanding this “Miser Moses” or “thrifty” notion, some people cannot resist the temptation of spending fortunes on fanciful Sunglasses. For them, Sunglasses are as important as any other fashion accessory.
Designers like Ray Ban, Police, Oakley, Salvatone Ferregamo, Armani and Diesel have made sure that with “drop dead gorgeous” designer collections now rocking our shops, no one is beyond temptation.
Asides names, Quality is another thing that has endeared designer labels to people’s hearts. When it comes to company designer sunglasses and cheap ones, the major difference is the materials used in producing them. The more expensive the sunglasses ,the longer they tend to last, they also tend to filter lights better.There are a number of varieties out there; playful plastics, tough aviators,retro,rimless, light weight futuristic shields.
Some designers like Oakley have come up with a new style of eyeglasses that pander up to the lifestyle of our youths. The thump line for example, comes with a flash memory and a blue tooth ear phone that allow you to download and play your favorite music on the go.
When it comes to finding the right frames, opposites attract. People with round faces should opt for square or rectangular frames, while those with square faces should try round ones. While choosing sunglasses or any other type of glasses there is yet another factor to be considered other than shape of the face, which is shape of the nose.
For the wide nosed individual (apologies!)Plastic frames are usually the best, because they have narrow bridges and can look pinched .Look –good experts, say you should stick with rimless or metal forms with adjustable nose pads.
The long nosed (sorry!) will receive comfort from a straight horizontal plastic frame with a low bridge which will break up the lines of the face nicely and give that desired look.
Skinny nosed people (no offence intended!) should count themselves lucky as they can wear any kind of glasses.
If you’ve got a small nose, you should go for some glasses that make sure that the eyes are centered in the lens
People with wide set eyes should stick with larger rimless or plastic styles as these forms work best for them.
Finally, when buying sunglasses, it is better to try them on before purchase. That way, you get the style that compliments your looks.
And do keep these “nevers” in mind: Never buy a pair of glasses because they look good on someone else and never have someone buy you glasses as they might end up picking the wrong fit for your face.
Want to whip up your image, get a sunglass!





HISTORY OF INSURANCE

In a way, it can be said that insurance appeared simultaneously with the appearance of human society. Two types of economies in human societies are known: Non-money or natural economies (without money, markets, financial instruments and so on) and money economies (with markets, money, financial instruments and so on). The first type is a more ancient form than the second. In such an economy and community that involves humans, We see insurance in the sense of people helping each other. For instance, if a house burns down, the members of the community help build a new one and vice versa. This type of insurance has survived to the present day in some countries where modern money economy with its financial instruments is not widespread

Early methods of transferring or distributing risk were practised by Chinese and Babylonian traders as long ago as the 2nd and 3rd millennia BC, respectively. Chinese merchants travelling treacherous river rapids would redistribute their wares across many vessels to limit the loss due to any single vessel's capsizing. The Babylonians developed a system practiced by early Mediterranean sailing merchants. If a merchant receives a loan to fund his shipment, he would pay the lender an additional sum in exchange for the lender's guarantee to cancel the loan should the shipment be stolen.

The inhabitants of Rhodes invented the concept of the 'general average'. Merchants whose goods were being shipped together would pay a proportionally divided premium which would be used to reimburse any merchant whose goods were jettisoned during storm

The Greeks and Romans introduced the origins of health and life insurance c. 600 AD when they organized guilds called "benevolent societies" which cared for the families and paid funeral expenses of members upon death. Before insurance was established in the late 17th century. "Friendly societies" existed in England, in which people donated amounts of money to a general sum that could be used for emergencies.

Insurance as we know it today can be traced to the Great Fire of London, which in 1666 devoured 13,200 houses. In the aftermath of this disaster, Nicholas Barbon opened an office to insure buildings. In 1680, he established England's first fire insurance company, "The Fire Office," to insure brick and frame homes.

In 1752 Benjamin Franklin, helped found the Philadelphia contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire. Franklin's company was the first to make contributions toward fire prevention. His company warned against certain fire hazards, and also refused to insure certain buildings where the risk of fire was too great, such as all wooden houses.

Old time Insurance is an archetype of contemporary insurance. Most of all the workings today are patterned after classical methods and based on the same principles